Saturday, February 15, 2020

George Washington as a Military Leader Assignment

George Washington as a Military Leader - Assignment Example Nevertheless, his connections to the family of William Fairfax, wherein his half brother Lawrence had married, led him to be personally selected to lead a regiment of soldiers in what is now termed the French and Indian War1. Having first been appointed as surveyor of land for Culpepper County, his brother’s investment and involvement in the Ohio Company, Washington came to the attention of the newly appointed lieutenant-general of Virginia, Robert Dinwiddie. Washington’s brother Lawrence was also commander of the Virginia militia. The French and British were both laying claim to Ohio County, and in 1783 Dinwiddle sent Washington, now a Major, to deliver a letter to the French informing them of British interests and asking them to leave. This he did, and in the process also made friends with the Indian Chief ‘Half King’ Tanacharison. Together they planned to overthrow the French. In fact, Washington tried to ambush the French despite being inexperienced and outnumbered- he was only 17 at the time. However one of the French commanders Jumonville was killed by Tanacharison or one of his tribe in this attack, and the French lost no time in blaming Washington and capturing him and his party of followers. However, he was later allowed to go with his troops back to Virginia. Historians contend that this nevertheless showed Washington’s bravery, impetuousness, and initiative. The final impact of this episode was that it fueled tensions between both the French and British military powers and led to the Seven Years War (1754-1758). In 1755 Washington was appointed senior aide to the British General Braddock on the expedition to reclaim Ohio county and other territories. However, they were ambushed by the French and some Indian allies and had to retreat. Washington on this occasion had to assume overall command after Braddock was mortally wounded at the Battle of Monongahela, and dutifully led an orderly retreat. His exemplary command ev en in the face of defeat led Governor Dinwiddle to promote Washington to the rank of Colonel in the Virginia regiment and Commander of all forces raised by the British in defense of the colonies. Washington was thus given command of the first full-time American regiment of regular servicemen of 1000 troops. He was given the responsibility to defend Virginia against all opposing forces- and to act aggressively or defensively as he thought best. Washington was a strict disciplinarian and a tough commander- he led aggressive campaigns against the Indians that resulted in a loss of a third of his men in 20 battles waged in just 10 months. Nevertheless, his campaigns meant that Virginia could relax in relative comfort compared to the other counties. Historians unanimously agree that this was among Washington’s most unqualified successes2.  

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Safety Training Program Development Assignment Case Study

Safety Training Program Development Assignment - Case Study Example Also, it revolves around implementation and careful training to ensure that goals of an organization are effectively reached. This way each phase of the training produces results that are useful in the next phase. Training stands as the best way forward for professionals given that they often make mistakes without ever realizing it. By basically acknowledging them, one can begin to improve performance speedily, without problems and without incurring losses on any new training programs. The learners in this case are the trainees in which case any personality who is required to go into a confined space or a permit required confined space must have to receive this type of training before they may gain admittance to the area. The outcomes of this course include understanding the hazards of confined spaces, learning the responsibilities and duties of the confined space entry participants achieve familiarity with atmospheric testing equipment and entrance equipment and become knowledgeable on safety standards for conservation of confined space entries The learning constraints that exist in the training program include the need for acquiring a permit. In this case, if workers are not to enter and work in permit spaces, employers must take effective actions to avoid them from entering these spaces. If workers are expected to enter permit spaces, the employer must develop in print a permit space program and make it obtainable by employees or their legislative body. To make it easier for the learners, the mode of delivery involves bringing the training facilities close to the trainees. This makes it possible for learners to acquire the skills at the door step. Once the training program has identified resources and milestones, you can structure a timeline. Generally, its a wise idea to work backwards, since it should be known when the project is due. Next, adjustments are made

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Caborn - Geography :: essays research papers fc

Caborn   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The topographic map that is the study area is the Caborn quadrangle. This area is located in the southwest area of Indiana and on the south is bordering the Ohio River. The topography of this area is pocketed with gently rolling hills with the largest depression in the land just north of the Ohio River with Goose pond located in the center of it. This study area is located in the Wabash lowland of Indiana and its bedrock consists of mainly of shale and sandstone. There is also a thin layer of bedrock consisting of limestone, clay and coal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three major routes of transportation through this area which are the Ohio River, the railroad, and highway 62. The Ohio River in the southern area of the study region is one of the main transportation routes. The Southwind Maritime Center is a river port located on the Ohio River and is located on the west side of the map. This port is a state-of-the-art river port with advanced material handling technologies. The port is specifically designed to handle in or out bound container cargo. The port is also a designated Foreign Trade Zone providing advantages to companies in this area involved in international trade. This Port is more than 740 acres and is home to a wide variety of companies. The Southwind Maritime Center is also easily accessible by railroad and a four-lane freeway as shown on map where they are located just north of the port. The railroad as shown on the map runs from the northeastern corner to the mid-west side. Highway 62 runs from the ea st to west along the middle of the map. The highway and railroad provide transportation routes back and forth between Mount Vernon and Evansville. The Caborn quadrangle is located in Posey County, Indiana. There are 491 farms in Posey County. Eighty-five percent of the total land in this county is farmland according to Bureau of the Census in 1992. According to the Bureau of Labor statistics about forty percent of the work force in Posey County works some sort of manufacturing job and this shows the importance of Southwind Maritime center to this region. The study area has a humid, continental climate with warm summers and cool winters. The average temperatures for this region vary from 37 F in the winter to 80 F in the summer.

Friday, January 17, 2020

“Notes of a Native Son” by James Baldwin Essay

The point of Baldwin’s essays is not so much to make his readers aware of racial prejudice in the States as it is to attempt to look at that prejudice, analyze it, understand where it comes from, and decide how to deal with it. In this essay, James Baldwin explores the complexities of both race relationships and familial relationships. Concerning his relationship with his father, Baldwin admits toward the beginning of the essay: â€Å"We had got on badly, partly because we shared, in our different fashions, the vice of stubborn pride.† This admission sets the tone for the rest of the essay, an idea of both opposition and similarity in this relationship. Also, Baldwin begins the title essay in Notes of a Native Son with a statement of death and birth. He mentions that â€Å"my father died. On the same day, a few hours later, his last child was born.†(p,52) This theme of death and birth also works itself out on a larger scale, eventually encompassing the entire ess ay. At the end of the essay Baldwin begins with his father’s funeral. Then he goes into reminiscing the times when his father was alive, realizing that they hadn’t talked much. Then back to the funeral, â€Å"The casket now was opened and the mourners were being led up the aisle to look for the last time on the deceased.† (p.65) Baldwin takes a last look at his father’s face.Baldwin is able to see his father in a different light, one that includes both his negative and positive characteristics. In doing so, Baldwin is also able to see himself more clearly. By examining his relationship with his father, Baldwin experiences several revelations, which culminate in a type of symbolic death and spiritual rebirth by the end of the essay.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Racial Profiling Chicago 12 Essay - 3081 Words

RACIAL PROFILING IN CHICAGO 12 Racial Profiling In Chicago Loyola University Chicago Introduction Racial profiling is a discriminatory act committed by law enforcement officials in which individuals are targeted and discriminated against based on race, religion, culture or any criteria which defines a person. Racial profiling is based around the suspicion of crime where officers turn to designated characteristics they believe to be associated with certain groups of people that commit misconducts. It is a major problem in Chicago as it affects minorities which reside in often poverty stricken neighborhoods while also effecting minorities living in middle-class areas around the city. Racial profiling is a major issue because not only does it lead to unfair discrimination against a certain group of people; it violates the main foundation of what the Constitution of the United States was discovered upon. The United States was found on the grounds that all people have equal protection under the law of the nation and that each person is entitled to the 4th amendment with r egards to being secure ?in their persons and houses? against unreasonable searches and seizures. It also continues to increase the distance of collaboration between communities and law enforcement, ruining policing efforts in the process while losing the trust of the citizens in the city. This paper will touch on the historical perspective of how racial profiling came to be an issueShow MoreRelatedStop-and-Frisk Research Paper1050 Words   |  5 PagesStop-and-Frisk: Cleaning up the Streets, or Racial Profiling at its Finest? Taryn Konkler Introduction to Law Enforcement Professor Michael Glendon Imagine innocently walking down the street in a city you’ve lived in your whole life, when all of a sudden you hear the dreaded â€Å"woop woop† and see those flashing red and blue lights. The police. They interrogate you, ask your whereabouts, and finally, they â€Å"frisk† you. Of course, they find nothing; they rarelyRead MoreAmerican History: Racial Profiling and Bias in The Media 905 Words   |  4 Pagesused to change one’s opinion on the way they may think of a particular race. Still today the media influences our mind, however many believe due to media bias and racial profiling will affect how â€Å"fair† their trial will be. In fact in today’s society, citizens in the United States are unable to gain a fair trial due to racial profiling, and bias in the media. Since early in American history, those who were not white were perceived to be non-American. Non-whites were treated as if they were inferiorRead MorePolice Brutality and Profiling1196 Words   |  5 Pagesthey do not know if they will ever see their family again after they drive out of their house in the morning, others might say every officer knows what they were signing up for so they should not be pitied. Police officers face dangers everyday but profiling and racially motivated brutality is not justifiable and officers should be severely punished for committing these crimes. To begin with police officers faces more dangers than the average American citizen, â€Å"generally police are about three timesRead Morestop and frisk1498 Words   |  6 Pagespolice officers are suppose to be protected and help us out when needed. The reality of it is police officers are out here on the beat violating are constitutional rights. Stop and frisk was to help fight crime on the streets but all it caused was racial profiling by officers everyday for the last twelve years. Stop and frisk has been used and abused and young adults are afraid to leave their house because they know they will be harassed for no good reason. Stop and frisk has caused a war between the officersRead MoreRacial Profiling Is Wrong Or Wrong?1826 Words   |  8 Pages Racial profiling has been a touchy subject for United States citizens. Racial profiling has been around for quite some time in America and it more than often benefits the majority population (white America). More recently, the controversial topic has been brought to light. The debate over Racial Profiling topic is whether or not racial profiling is wrong or right. Multiple opinions from notable sources have been debating over this topic for decades. Some sources give reasons and examples in orderRead MoreOur Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act Analysis1005 Words   |  5 Pageslanguage regarding discrimination that Southern segregationist Congressmen and Senators advanced nearly fifty years ago to try to eviscerate the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964† (Salden, Pace, Nunn-Gilman, Journal). For instance, S.B. 1070 used racial profiling language when it stated that â€Å"a law enforcement official or agency of [the] state or a county, city, town or other political subdiv ision of [the] state may not solely consider race, color, or national origin in implementing the requirements ofRead MoreA Never Ending Cycle Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pagescomes to hurting others. Minority community subjected in violence by police in the United States. Sometimes even leading to death. This is a major concern for those minorities in the community. Racist violence and police brutality has controlled the racial African Americans and to give powers to the white race. They did this because of a few reasons. Forced the Africans to slavery and to have low wage problems. They wanted to get rid of social life with them, any conflict with the politics, and moreRead MorePolice and Racial Profiling Essay2724 Words   |  11 Pages Can we stop the unjust practice of racial profiling? Is it correct for Police Officers to stop a black driver for an alleged traffic offense to question and sometimes search the black driver? These questions provoke the need to understand rac ial profiling and racism along with what problems are involved and the possible solutions. Doesnt the use of race make sense? Isnt it really just good police work? The guarantee to all persons of equal protection under the law is one of the most fundamentalRead MoreRacial Profiling : A Method Of Spotting And Stopping Drug Traffickers2342 Words   |  10 PagesTaylor Anderson Acc. Academic Literacy Mr. Dakin 17 November 2014 Racial Profiling by Police Ever since the late 1970 s profiling was associated with a method of spotting and stopping drug traffickers. The profiling provided not only a quick way to see evidence of concealment in the vehicle, but included age and race characteristics of possible drivers (Data Collection Resource Center). The controversy is over whether or not there are a disproportionate number of blacks and Hispanics involved withRead MoreRacial Profiling And Its Effects On American Society2621 Words   |  11 PagesEver since the late 1970 s profiling was associated with a method of interdicting drug traffickers (Data Collection Resource Center, n.d., para 3). The profiling provided not only a quick way to see evidence of concealment in the vehicle, but included age and race characteristics of possible drivers (Data Collection Resource Center, n.d., para 3). The controversy is over whether or not there are a disproportionate number of blacks and Hispanics involved with law enforcement that reflects police

Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Operations Management - 5704 Words

Running Head: OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT PROJECT Operations Management Project Ashwin Nandakumar, Mishel Chakkalakal,, Mithun Chacko and Shalwin D’souza Prof. Dr. Kaup Mohammed Operations Management Madonna University March 2011 Table of Content Pret A Manger – by Mithun Chacko 3 Acme Whistles vs. Pret A Manger – by Mithun Chacko 5 Touchwood Subway Vs. IKEA Pret A Manger – by Shalwin D’souza 6 Chilis McDonald’s Baskin Robbins – by Mishel Chakkalakal 9 McDonald’s Newspaper Review – by Ashwin Nandakumar 13 Pret A Manger – by Mithun Chacko 1) Read the short case on Pret A Manger and (a) identify the process in a typical Pret A Manger Shop together with their inputs and†¦show more content†¦For trading floors or large groups, Pret offers a bagged lunch service. Pret assembles orders for individual lunches using special bags and personalized stickers. They also deliver to a designated spot in your office every morning using a bespoke trolley. (c) Central Kitchen – Advantage or Disadvantage? As far as our knowledge goes, Pret is currently not considering centralizing their production by starting a centralized kitchen. Also unlike many other fast food outlets, Pret refuses to franchise. This is because Pret believes in offering food which is free from obscure chemicals, preservatives and additives that are common ingredients of the popular fast food available in the market today. The general concept of a central kitchen is that, food is prepared centrally in a different location and following production, the food is transported to individual services sites where they are sold. One main advantage of having a central kitchen is that it reduces the investment that has to be incurred as compared to setting up a kitchen in each service site. However, the disadvantage is that food transport and the associated increased holding time carries a higher micro-biological health risk than production at individual site kitchens. In our opinion, Pret believes that a central kitchen woul d be a disadvantage to them considering the fact that they market themselves as a seller of healthy food withShow MoreRelatedOperations Management : Operation Management1355 Words   |  6 PagesOperations Management Introduction Operations management is the activity of managing the resources that create and deliver services and products. The operations function is the part of the organization that is responsible for this activity. Every organization has an operations function because every organization creates some type of services and/or products. However, not all types of organization will necessarily call the operations function by this name. Operations managers are the people who haveRead MoreOperation Management - Cadburyworld2493 Words   |  10 Pagestechnology to streamline the operation process) and facility costs (old and outdated facilities) at lowest possible. In return, they have to compromise low costs with their other objectives. The unskilled staffs and outdated facilities are compromised with the quality in the core process. For example, the brief video (facility) in the packaging plant is outdated and requires commentary notes from some guides. However, the unskilled guides are not familiar with the operations so they need to read fromRead MoreOperation Management And Operations Management2148 Words   |  9 PagesOperation management Introduction Being an operations manager is not an easy task, it involves good control and responsibilities for the major activities within the organisations in order to achieve goals that might be in form of services or in form of goods. The operation management roles may be different from business to business depending on the size and resources available, each organisation has its own operations functions, and in order to produces goods or services they have to convert theRead MoreImportance Of Production And Operations Management2317 Words   |  10 Pagesthe production and operation of enterprises. In order to remain competitive, companies in different countries have different factors of competitive advantage. A clear competitive advantage is the key to gain success in production and operation management. An effective operations management is the foundation of enterprise competitive advantage and the fundamental guarantee to realize corporate strategy. This essay deals with the importance of production and operations management in the enterprise,Read MoreOperations Management : Operation Management Essay2171 Words   |  9 PagesOperation Management Operations administration concentrates on precisely dealing with the procedures to create and circulate items and administrations. Operations administration is the procedure, which joins and changes different assets utilized as a part of the creation/operations subsystem of the association into quality included item/benefits in a controlled way according to the arrangements of the association. In this way, it is that part of an association, which is worried with the changeRead MoreOperation Management2751 Words   |  12 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.1. DEFINITION OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.2. THE ROLE OF OPERATION MANAGER 3 1.3. RELATIONSHIP OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT WITH OTHER CORE FUNCTIONS 3 2. CASE STUDIES 3 2.1. HEATHROW INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 3 2.2. NESTLÉ UK CHOCOLATE FACTORY 3 3. MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS OF THE STUDY 3 4. CONCLUSIONS 3 REFERENCES 3 1. Operation Management For the success of an organization, the management crew plays a major role. An organizational structure is based on differentRead MoreOperations Management986 Words   |  4 PagesOPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Select two organisations that you are familiar with – one with a service output and one with a product output, and compare and contrast these organisations with respect to the following aspects: 1.1 The process of transformation of inputs to outputs 1.2 Process and Capacity design 1.3 Supply Chain management 1.4 Scheduling Operations Management refers to the management of the production system that transforms inputs into finished goods and services, (http://csuponomaRead MoreOperation Management2436 Words   |  10 PagesOPERATION MANAGEMENT IS IMPORTANT TO ALL BUSINESS To be able produce specialized managers capable of fulfilling strategic tasks within business and government enterprises the need for the practice of operations management cannot be forgone. Operations management is very significant in business operations since it forms the heart of the organisation by controlling the system of operation. Operations management deals with the design, operation, and enhancement of the systems that generate and deliverRead MoreOperations Management Chapter 18 Manual1950 Words   |  8 PagesChApter 18 Management of Waiting Lines Teaching Notes Some of the math and calculations can be left out in order to focus more clearly on the concepts of waiting lines. For example, all infinite source problems, including single channel (except constant service time) can be handled using the infinite source queuing table. In the past, queuing presented students with a good bit of computational requirements, and because of that, students frequently lost sight of the underlying concepts. WithRead MoreOperations Management1791 Words   |  8 PagesQUESTION 1 Operations management must be managed properly in order to improve an organization’s productivity and profitability. In the Cadbury World case, several micro and macro processes are involved and those processes bring some impacts to Cadbury World. Thus, Cadbury World must possess a sustainable micro and macro processes to achieve the best outcome and performance. Micro processes that involved are easily to manage compared to macro processes because macro processes are hard to manage

Monday, December 23, 2019

How Does a Family Work as a System Essay - 751 Words

How does a family work as a system in promoting health Families are a natural social structure. The widely accepted definition of family is â€Å"a group of two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption† (Medalie amp; Cole-Kelly, 2002, p. 1277). This definition is inclusive of the many different structures of families to allow for big, small, single parent, dual parent, gay and lesbian, heterosexual, adoptive, and biological. The family plays an integral part in the health of its members, which often leads to the stretching of the family unit beyond this definition to include extended family. The family unit is more than a collection of units. Culture and values play a large role in how families react and deal with issues†¦show more content†¦Families must be involved in the care of the child throughout treatment. The family is the fundamental source of support to the child and to promote health family involvement is essential. To this end parents and grandparents are not considered visitors but part of the team treating the child within our organization. Goals must be mutually supported by the team; with barriers such as hidden expectations and unclear roles eliminated through open communication. The desired outcome from this partnership is a strengthening of family heath and well being (Freidman, Bowden, amp; Jones, 2003). Hospitalization is a stressful event for the majority of individuals the nurse reacts in a manner to mitigate the stressor to the entire family unit. Nuemans systems model is based on the reaction to stress. The model has a central core surrounded by lines of resistance. The lines of resistance represent how the individual or family react to the stressor. The nurses role is to help stabilize the system through levels of prevention. Primary prevention is meant to protect and strengthen the normal lines of defense. Secondary prevention the nurse intervenes to assist in strengthening internal lines of resistance through reduction in the reaction to the stressor. Tertiary prevention is after the stressor the nurses assists the individual or family in returning to a state of wellness. Theory conducive to use in practice â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1630 Words   |  7 Pagesuncover prosperity in America. Not only does The Jungle capture the brutality and acceleration of corrupt capitalism and ruthless Darwinism during the Progressive Era, it also prompts resistance and displacement of the existing political system in favor of a socialist revolution. Through the novel, Sinclair demonstrates how the deterioration of the American Dream was exacerbated by the capitalist greed and corruption that eventually drove Jurgis and his family into mental degeneration and despair.Read MoreThe Theory Of Social Work Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition of social work, values associated with social work and arguments for and against the use of systems theory in social work practice. Social work can be described as a field of study that encompasses individuals and their environment. Social work can be defined as work trained professionals do to elevate stressors of individuals so they may become more self-sufficient and empowered to live to their fullest potential. According to the National Association of Social Work, â€Å"The primary missionRead MoreEssay on Flat Broke with Children by Sharon Hays1002 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals and families from getting out of poverty. Moral prescriptions make poverty a cause and solution affair where the cause is moral negligence and the solution is a set of rules and regulations aimed to change morality which will gain people the self-esteem and knowledge to get a job and get out of Welfare. The first part of the moral prescriptions described in Flat Broke With Children is the Work Plan/Family Plan that is an important part of Welfare reform. (Hays, 23) The Work Plan and theRead MoreThe Ecological Systems Approach Is Encouraging And Facilitating The Development Of Positive Emotional And Affiliation Supports1715 Words   |  7 Pages By drawing this Eco-Map, it enables both myself and the family to see the vast majority of their networks and relationships are tenuous or non-existent. These relationships also include elements of stress, anger, poor communication and tension. There are in fact very few positive relationships surrounding the family. Another important aspect of the ecological systems approach is encouraging and facilitating the development of positive emotional and affiliation supports. (Lehman and Coady 2000 citedRead MoreA Deeper Look Into Child Welfare Services1039 Words   |  5 Pagesinclude foster care programs where children who are at risk of harm from birth family, or who suffers from mental, emotional, or physical issues. These services provide care to all children who meet the state qualifications and removed from their current home (Introduction of Foster Care). The foster care system is where children who can no longer live with their family due to fear of harm, neglect, or lack of fami ly resources. There has been a limited amount of research done to acknowledge the differentRead MoreThe Concept Of Termination : A Phase Of The Intervention Process1523 Words   |  7 Pagesattainment, and client satisfaction. Evaluating group work can contribute to improving both the quality and efficiency of interventions. Bowen s family systems theory, while well established in the field of clinical practice, does not incorporate clear directives for the practitioner about the ending stage of intervention. Still, its major concepts for assessment and intervention suggest a range of termination activities that can affirm and summarize a family s gains. In this article the authors offer aRead MorePersonal Statement On Personal Hygiene1548 Words   |  7 PagesGoals Leave Andover Subacute Rehab Center to go home with family Will practice toilet routine/potty training Will eat healthier Free be of any behavioral incidents Will take all her medications daily Maintain healthy relationship with family Will call her family at least twice a week Will talk to therapist three times a week to discuss issues about family Will express her feelings in a journal daily Will express issues with family without cursing or yelling To Be Independent Will go to the bathroomRead MoreMatriarchal in Moso Society940 Words   |  4 PagesMoso is a Chinese ethnic group that is famous for being a matriarchal society with minimal contact from the outside world. In Moso matrilineal system, woman is the pillar of the family. As the head of a family as well as a mother, a Moso woman is responsible to determine family’s name, decision, and inheritance. No one has right to replace woman’s authority, even a man. This is the primary point of a matriarchy which traces the side of Moso family’s lineage through the descendant of woman. What isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Best Interest Of The Child 1469 Words   |  6 Pages It’s captivating to be able to see and know what a typical day as a family court judge is like. Judge Richard Ross, an appointed judge to the Bronx’s family court in 1991, gives the reader a descriptive analysis of what a day is like as the judge. Ross invited the reader to experience the different cases that a family court judge is assigned. Cases such as domestic violence, child custody and visitation, termination of parental rights, child abuse and juveniles delinquency are depicted in the bookRead MoreFamily Theory1580 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Introduction After reviewing the theories, I have chosen Family System theory to discuss how various factors may impact at different stages in the family lifecycle in a Singapore context. â€Å"Family systems theory grew out of the general systems theory, a conceptual framework developed in the 1960s by Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1968), and family therapists applied these ideas to marriage and family as a system.† (Olson, 2003, p.71). He proposed that a system is characterized by the interactions of its components